History, Civic, Geography, E.V.E

Questions sent by keerthi Balijepalli

On Tue, Feb 9, 2010 at 8:12 PM, keerthi Balijepalli wrote:
Can you answer the following Questions?

a)Explain Unicameral Legislature.

b) Methods of struggle of the Moderates.

c) What was the official attitude of the Government towards the Congress?

Our Reply

Hi Keerthi,

Please find the answers to your queries below:

a) Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber. Many countries with unicameral legislatures are often small and homogeneous unitary states and consider an upper house or second chamber unnecessary.
Unicameral legislatures are also common in Communist states, including the People’s Republic of China, Cuba, and former Communist states such as the People’s Republic of Poland, Ukraine, Moldova and Serbia. The Socialist viewpoint regards upper houses as typically conservative and representing the interests of the upper classes.

b)

Methods of Political Work of the Moderates

The national movement till 1905 was subjugated by leaders who have been described as moderates nationalists or moderates. The politics of moderates can be expressed as constitutional protest inside the four walls of the law, slow and orderly political progress. Their main intention was to create public opinion and organize them and present them in front of the authorities through petitions, meetings and speeches.

In India their political work had two different directions. Firstly to build up a strong public opinion to educate, unite them and to arouse political and national consciousness. Secondly the early nationalist wanted to convince the British Government and to introduce reforms along directions laid down by the nationalists. The moderates believed that the British people and Parliament wanted to be just to India without knowing the state and affairs. To educate Indian public opinion the moderates worked to educate British opinion. For this purpose they voted for active propaganda in Britain. They planned not to expel the British but transform the rulers.

c) Founded upon the suggestion of British civil servant Allan Octavian Hume, the Congress was created to form a platform for civic and political dialogue of educated Indians with the British Raj. After the First War of Indian Independence and the transfer of India from the East India Company to the British Empire, it was the goal of the Raj to support and justify its governance of India with the aid of English-educated Indians, who would be familiar and friendly to British culture and political thinking. Ironically, a few of the reasons the Congress grew and survived in the era of undisputed British hegemony, was through the patronage of British authorities, Anglo-Indians and a rising Indian educated class.